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ZeroPrices contains functions to transform interest rates
into prices.
Many experienced risk management professionals still seem
at odds with this very basic concept.
In practice when one refers to interest rate price sensitivity one refers to Zero Coupon
prices returns.
Zero coupon rate to zero
coupon price conversion is necessary during VaR computation.
This conversion can take place either at the source, thereby converting rates
into prices
prior to return computation or later on while computing variance/covariance and
volatility.
Analytics
Time Series Conversion
ZeroPriceReturns:
Computes returns on Zero Coupon bond Prices from one or
multiple time series of Interest Rates.
ZeroPricesfromRates:
Computes Zero Coupon Prices from one or a series of
interest rates levels or time series.
Syntax
ZeroPriceReturns(Vertex Rate,Vertex Maturity,Vertex Freq,Activate, Order
)
ZeroPriceReturns takes
5 Arguments:
ZeroPricesfromRates(
Vertex Rate,Vertex Maturity,Vertex Freq,Activate, Order
)
ZeroPricesfromRates
takes
4 Arguments:
|
Argument |
|
Description |
| Vertex
Rate |
: |
The Interest Rate level of the vertex. Expressed in decimal. (5 not 0.05).
|
| Vertex
Maturity |
: |
The Per Annum Fraction of the Vertex Maturity.
|
| Vertex
Frequency |
: |
The Frequency Per Annum of the Interest Rate Applicable to the Vertex.
|
| Activate |
: |
The
Activation Key. O = Idle, 1= Active.
|
ZeroCouponPrice(
Vertex
Rate,Vertex Maturity,Zero Maturity,Vertex Freq,Activate
)
ZeroCouponPrice Vertices takes
5 Arguments:
|
Argument |
|
Description |
| Vertex
Rate |
: |
The Interest Rate level of the vertex. Expressed in decimal. (5 not 0.05).
|
| Vertex
Maturity |
: |
The Per Annum Fraction of the Vertex Maturity.
|
| Zero
Coupon Maturity |
: |
The Maturities of the Zero Coupon Bond. |
| VertexFrequency |
: |
The Frequency Per Annum of the Interest Rate Applicable to the Vertex.
|
| Activate |
: |
The
Activation Key. O = Idle, 1= Active.
|
Note:
Setting Zero Coupon Bond Maturity equal Vertex returns the Vertex
price.
Analytics:
This approach relies on the relationships between discreet
and continuous rates. Namely
exp(-r)=1/(1+R/m)^m
And
r=ln(1+R/m)*m
Where m is the compounding frequency of the rate in
question.
R is discrete and r is continuous.
First, discrete rates are transformed into continuous rates. These
continuous rates are then used to perform the industry standard linear interpolation.
Once the annual rate for the period in question has been obtained it is carried
over the amount of its life continuously and converter into a zero via exp(-r*t).
The
log returns are then simply computed via the standard.
Returns=
log[ P(T)/P(T-1)].
where
P(T), P(T-1) are the Zero Coupon Bond Prices observed at time T and T-1 respectively.
Notice
that log[ P(T)/P(T-1)]. = Log(P(T)- Log(P(T-1)) which with unitized returns
provides a powerful speeding mechanism.
For those working in secure environments,
the code for these two functions is freely available.
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