Risksvr™ Liquidity Risk Calculations

Risksvr™ handles Liquidity Risk measurement in two very different ways.

  • The Cost associated with unwinding the Position(s).

  • The Bid-Ask Spread price Slippage.


Liquidity risk depends largely on the position's ageing characteristic and its associated cost of carry.
The cost of carrying the position depends in term on the shape of the term structure.

Practical measurements have shown it does Not lend itself to approximations .




1 - Liquidity Risk in terms of days required to unwind the position


The first framework matches closely what can be observed in practice and is largely based on the ageing process that takes place over time.

Under this framework, Liquidity risk measures the cost associated with the unwinding of the position over a number of days.

When this approach is followed, the position's amount is broken down into the number of days necessary to liquidate the positions.

This approach is based on position ageing and takes into account the over-night cost-of-carrying the position's outstanding amount.

The overnight rate used to carry the position is taken automatically from the Exposure's Cash-Account Funding Curve definition. The overnight funding rate can also be defined manually, if needed.

Risksvr™ is designed to incorporate  liquidity risk measurement at each step of the risk computation.

The liquidity risk factor can be defined at the trade level, at a Tag hierarchy level  or at an overall global Liquidity Risk level..

For example, you could assign a five (5) day liquidity risk to a large Equity Option position, a seven (7) day liquidity risk for trades that belong to the "Emerging Market" tag and an overall risk of, say, three (3) days for all the other positions in your portfolio.


Liquidity risk as position unwinding can be defined either in days or in percent.

  • If you define liquidity in terms of days, each individual position will be broken down into equal parts that will be liquidated 
    over the period defined. 

  • If you define liquidity in percentage then each exposure will be reduced by the percentage amount until the position is 0.



2 - Liquidity Risk as Bid-Ask price slippage

For advanced users liquidity risk can also be measured as the overall price slippage incurred from a stochastic simulation of the bid-ask spread. 

The bid-ask spread slippage process is defined either as a percentage or a series of basis points.

Both mean basis points (1/10000) or percent as well as bid-ask spread volatility must be defined. The bid-ask spread slippage measurement take place during the whole simulation process over one or multiple horizons.

These two liquidity risk measurements can be aggregated to form one single liquidity risk number or they can be tracked separately in order to monitor each liquidity sub-type.

 

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